The Meiji Restoration of Japan

The Meiji Restoration of Japan was was a chain of events that led to changes in Japan's political and social structure. Japan is an archipelago, which means a group of islands. Japan had cut them selves out of the world not knowing how much it had grown. the technology were advanced and they had not notice, until one day Matthew Perry came. Matthew Perry had arrived at Japan with a simple steamed powed boat. this was modern technology to him. But since Japan had cut off on trading routes and all they hadf never seen this type of technology. that was when there eyes had opened. they then reliezed how far behind they were. Perry had treated them unfairly.

The Opium War

The Opium Trade in China between the British and the Chinese was the very first drug war of the 19th century. It was called the Opium War, Opium is a preparation made from the juice of poppy seedpods, and used to produce heroin.The drug was mainly produced in and shipped from the East Indies to China by British merchants. This addictive drug had gotten many Chinese badly hooked by the early 1800s. These battles went on for three years.

During these three years of battling many things happened. The Chinese would take the opium coming in and destroyed it. Also they would kill anyone who tyred to sell opium. Capetian Charles Elliot tried to get a letter to Queen Victoria. The letter never made it to England because his messenger was killed by some sailors in China. In the three year span Britain won the war because of there advanced technology. They made china sign a treaty that enabled china to give the British more ports and legalise the opium.

Film Lesson: "Mountains of The Moon"

The film "Mountains of The Moon" is about two English explorers that are in africa in search of the source of the nile river. These two explorer names are Richard Burton and John Speke. While in africa they bring along some african natives and payed them to help them in their journey. While in africa they ran into some african tribes that never seen white people before. One tribe in the movie attacked Richard and John and their group. They escaped but richard took a spear through the side of the face. While still adventuring in africa John had to deal with dangerous bugs and a beetle went in his ear. While also roaming the african fields they ran into lions. Some of the water they found was poison and some of the african people who came with them drank it and got malaria. They ran into another tribe and gave them gifts such as a telescope and a gun. John later in the film claims to Richard he found the source but richard wouldnt believe him. They both headed back to England, and later on while richard was pleading his case on how john wasnt right, john killed himself. Richard felt sad and couldnt finnish his speech.

Karl Marx and Communism

Karl Marx had an idea on starting a new idea for the working people. That idea was called "Communism". Communism is about the workers getting paid the same even when they all work different jobs. This also involved people not being able to own their own land or property. This was Karl Marx idea of communism and he wanted it to be spreaded all over.

Karl wanted all workers to be on the same level, not have different ways. This also supported people who wanted to get the money they deserved and werent getting. Everyone was working the same job and had to under one major owner. This is why Karl Marx wanted
Communism to come alive.

The "good guys" were the factory workers who didn't like the way they were being treated and workedlong hours for low wages and less time breaks. The "Bad Guys" are the Factory owners who controlled everything that happens in the factory because they controlled the workers.

Karl Marx and The Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx is German born in Europe. He was born a jew but his family converted to christianity. He didnt believe in god, he thought religion was a drug for the people. When he worked he thought it was unfair, unsafe and very harsh how the landlordsand owners of jobs treated the workers. Soon after he was dismayed by the workers in Europe. From there on he urged workers to unite and fight back landlords and owners of the jobs. He felt workers rather than landlords should control the land and farms, all of his ideas wereknown as "Communism". Communism was the term to define the communist workers of the jobs. He fought for the rights of the worker men. The ideas of Marx were not used in the communist countries. Marx believed that workers would control government, but communist governments were strict and up tight. Workers were often forced to work on huge farms and factory workers often had to fulfill quotas. In most Communist nations, the press was censored. They were not allowed to print news stories that criticized the government. People who spoke out against the Soviet government were treated harshly. Marx died in 1883, but his ideas formed the basis of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. Mongolia became the second communist nation in 1921 and by the end of World War II, many governments were overthrown by communists.

Nationalism and The Creation of Italy

Nationalism is a word used to express ones feelings for his country. Nationalism can mean many things that help supprot ones love or liking for the country. Living in the country, paying government taxes, voting, join military forces, getting jobs, using the countries currency, speaking the native language are many ways of nationalism. It also means that the the countrys loyalty should be represented by kings or government but by the people of the nation who live there.

Nationalism was used to create the nation of italy. Italy before it was a whole country, was separated. Each part had its own rulers, they figure this was the best way to keep democarcy alive, but the people of italy didnt approve.Giuseppe Mazzini was a ruler who supported nation states. He believed italy should be united not separated with different rulers and country laws. His goal was to unite italy, However many wars broke out because of disagreements between Giuseppe Garibaldi. Piedmont Sardinia was the largest, most powerful state in Italy. Camillo Di Cavour worked hard to expand Piedmont Sardinia's power. Giuseppe Garibaldi achieved his goal and united Italy. Now Italy was finally whole.

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bolivar was a liberator, and a leader. He is famous for giving the Republic of Colombia which consisted of Colombia and Venezuela their freedom and independence from Spain. He was born in Venezuela on July 24th, 1783. When his parents died he inherited alot of money. He traveled to Europe and then came back to south america to join an army to take over the spainards who controlled of Carcas in 1810. He then left back to Europe to Britain to gather more troops to south america. In 1813 Simon Bolivar and the army of patriots gained control of the spainards. He then started the republic of Colombia (Colombia and Venezuela) and later on became president of several different country such as Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama.

Simon Bolivar has a country named after him called Bolivia. A Couple of his comrades found and named this place in honor of him. This is for his haed work and determination that helped take control of Caracas.Also in Hatti he gathered some ofhis troops and gained control of Angostura which is now Ciudad Bolivar. He also became a powerful dictator. He was fighting for the rights and of his people.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

After the French Revolution all the Peseants of France were happy that there world was gonna change into a fair equal Democracy, but before they were able to let the people control Government, there was one thing that came before the big change.

"The Reign of Terror"
The Reign of Terror was a period of time that occured Fifteen months after the French Revolution and it was conflict between two political rivals. The Girondins and The Jacobins. The Jacobins were a very big political group that after the fall of the monarchy in the French Revolution, the jacobins wanted to gain control in the monarch political party. The Girondins were a group of people who had certain opinions and principles rather than an organized political party. The Jacobins wanted to place order back into France while the Girondins wanted to have there certain beliefs and principles. This happened because the leader of the Girondins wanted to start a war against Austria but the Jacobins didnt want to because they didnt want militaryism. The Jacobies and Girondins faught a very bloody battle leaving atleast over 4,000 dead.

Robespierre:
Maximilien Robespierre was part of this political fight. He was going to stop the Jacobins from starting a war against Austria, and after the battle gain control of the Government. When he couldve stop there, he didnt he decided to use his power to wipeout and kill anymore Revolutionaries. The People behind his back began to fear and felt unsafe. later on he was arrested and Executed for causing another fight and killing Revolutionaries.

The French Revolution

1. The People in France were critical of:

The Nobility:
1). The Nobles had Complete Control of authorities.
2). They Didnt hae to do Military Service.
3). The Nobles didnt have to pay taxes.

The Kings:
1). The Kings had all control of France.
2). They hadn't called Parliment since 1614.
3). They had control through Ministers local officials.

The Clergy:
1). The Peseants had to pay big tax to the church.
2). The Church didnt pay tax.
3). The King ruled Clergy

2. A French Peseant might hae Grumbled about the Revolution and the fall of the Bastille in 1789. That day on July 14th, the French revolted against the Nobles and took control.

3.The Cartoon shown on Source A , shows a French peseant carrying 2 Nobles. The caption below it says "One Hopes This Will End Soon". The Point of the cartoon is that the nobles were taking advantage of the Peseants and ruling them, and the peseants wanted this unfair french governments ways to stop, and to stop ruining their lives through oer prices taxes and military service and clergy.

4.The author shows in Source B the life of a peseant as poor, not wealthy, small land owning, too much tax paying people. The peseants had to pay tax to King by giing them ther chickens and eggs and weat. The peseants wanted the crushing of taxes to stop.

5. Yes Sources A,B,and C show how the French Peseant resented the rich. The rich owned lots of land and didnt pay tax and didnt have to worry about Military service and had lots of food they took from Peasents. The French Peseants had to pay enormous taxes and had small land and had to do military service and it was unfair.

6.The French Peseants would be most influenced by Roussea for speaking and saying the peseants needed a better fair form of Government. The French Peseants needed fair equality instead of inequality and unfairness.

7. The Nobles were probably the ones who banned Rousseas writings because if they wouldve released it to the peseants the nobles would have had to do the things peseants were to do and the nobles were filthy rich and didnt have to do anything now so they wouldve banned it.

John Locke and "The Enlightment" Inspiration to the U.S. Constitution

John Locke was an Enlightment thinker, one of the most famous. "The Enlightment" was created to be given independent freedom. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the U.S. Constitution he explained several different write U.S. should have over the rules of the english. Jefferson stated that "These Thirteen colonies have the right to be free independent states of the U.S." and that the British should stop altering with the U.S. government rules, and stop overwheilming Tax paying from the British. He also stated the right to have laws passed and migration. Jefferson lastley stated that the people of the colonies should have rights to government.

In the decleration of independence, it is written that "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" which means the government gets its power from the people. The Government is the peoples responsibilities, if there was any problem that involoved the Government, it was the people who had to fix it and make sure the problem was solved. The Government cannot have true equality power with the citizen and people of the country, not let another country drive the rights of Government power.

Copernicus and the Trial of Galileo

The Geocentric Theory:

The Geocentric Theory was created by Greek scientist. The Greeks believed that the planet earth was the center of the solar system and the universe. They believed that all planets moons and even the sun, had an in visible wheel onthem making them rotate and orbit around the earth. This is what the greeks believed in.

The Heliocentric Theory:

The Heliocentric Theory was created by Greek philosophers. These group of greeks theory was the earth was not the center of the solar system and universe. They believed the sun was the center of everything in the universe. Controversey between both parts of these greek scientist woluld always happen.

The Geocentric theory came first from the greeks, and it waqsnt till the late 16th century into the 17th century that the theory was challanged by the Heliocentric theory. The Heliocentric Theory was featured in the Scientific Revolution in the 18th and 19th century.

Galileos Trial:

Galileo galilei was a italian philosopher. He was being trialed by the Catholic church for his beliefs in the Heliocentric theory. Galileo went into the theory and studied and observed the solar system and had confirmed that the sun was the center of eerything. The catholic church however disagreed and believed the earth was the center of everything. Galileo was put on house arrest by the catholic church i=untill the end of his life. it wasnt until the year 1992 in the 20th century that the catholic church realized they mad ean error on galileo and agreed on that the sun is the center ofn everything.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method was a procedure that scientists used test their theories on any subject. Its was a way of proving if the scientist theory on a topic was right or correct. There are five ways to the procedure of the Scientific Method. The Problem, The Hypothesis, The Predictions, The Experiment, and The Observation. The problem was the main issue of the experiment the scientist were conducting. The hypothesis is an early prediction on the outcome of the experiment. The predictions are jus like hypothesis. The Experiment is the conducting of the experiment and doing the experiment to come up with the answer. The observation is going over the experiment, making sure everything is right and where the scientist come up with ther answer and see if it relates to the hypothesis or if it doesn't.

A good way to example this method can be like this,
lets say I am conducting an experiment on how fast heat can melt something. I have an ice cube in a room at normal room temperture and an ice cube outside in the sun. the Problem is Which Can Melt faster? the hypothesis is the heat from outside will melt faster. the experiment is done. Observations are made and the final conclusion happens and the ice cube outcome relates to hypothesis like i said, the ice cube meltled outside faster.

Evolution V.S Creation

The Theory of Evolution.
It has been said by Darwin that all life started from the smallest of all creatures and as time passed the cretures had evolved into more simplistic ancestors. Darwins Theory of Evolution explains that us humans have evolved from a long line of ancestor creatures. It is believed we evolved from birds, fishes, monkeys and others, and as time passed on, the creatures advanced and evolved into something more bigger and almost human like. Greek Philosophers made theorys that man was first started by animals. It was stated that when animals would mate and have offsprings, the dominant would pass on to the children making them like ther parents, but if one offspring might have been born with a defect or without the dominant from its parents, it would die, or evolve into a new species. It was believed that this is howthe chain from animals to Humans started. Slowly the process would take to evolve, and this is what the theory of evolution was to come of.

The Theory of Creation
It has been also said and believed that religion had something to do with the creation of human life. Supoosivley God was the one who created human life. It is said in the Cristitian/Catholic Bible that god created Man (Adam) and Women (Eve). In many other religions such as judism, hinduism, islamic and others it also states in ther scriptures that God was the first to create universe and human life.

My Final Thought
In my catholic religion I am suppose to believe that man and human life and the universe was created by God, and I do believe so, and this contreversy between science and religion has been going on for many years. I also believe the Theory of evolution, but in my real state of mind, I dont know which is right, no one really knows how this world and man was created. These are all theorys and everyone believes different things but in the end its all just theorys made by man.

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